新工业革命：Creo综合建模与3D打印

策划编辑：丁 伦 责任编辑：丁 伦
责任印制：乔 宇 责任校对：张艳霞
保定市中画美凯印刷有限公司印刷
2015 年 10 月第 1 版·第 1 次印刷
185mm×260mm·26 印张 2 插页·682 千字
0001―3000 册
标准书号：ISBN 978-7-111-50707-9
ISBN 978-7-89405-832-4

3D 打印技术又称积层制造（Additive Manufacturing，AM），也称三维打印技术，是指通
过 3D 打印机采用分层加工、迭加成形的方式逐层增加材料来生成 3D 实体。3D 打印技术最
突出的优点是无须机械加工或模具就能直接从计算机图形数据中生成各种任意形状的物体，
从而极大地缩短产品的研制周期，提高生产效率并降低生产成本。该技术在珠宝、鞋类、工
业设计、建筑、工程和施工（AEC）、汽车、航空航天、牙科和医疗产业、教育、地理信息
系统、土木工程、军事以及其他领域都有所应用。

工业设计中的 3D 打印概念
1.1 什么是 3D 打印 ······························· 2
1.2 3D 打印的应用领域 ························ 3
1.2.1 工业制造 ······································ 3
1.2.2 文化创意和数码娱乐 ······················ 3
1.2.3 航空航天、国防军工 ······················ 4
1.2.4 生物医疗 ······································ 4
1.2.5 消费品 ·········································· 4
1.2.6 建筑工程 ······································ 5
1.2.7 教育 ············································· 5
1.2.8 个性化定制 ··································· 5
1.2.9 文物保护 ······································ 6
1.3 全球 3D 打印的发展情况 ··············· 6
1.3.1 国内 3D 打印的发展现状 ················ 6
1.3.2 国外 3D 打印的发展现状 ················ 7
1.4 3D 打印的优缺点 ···························· 7
1.4.1 3D 打印技术有传统制造技术不可比
拟的优势 ······································ 7
1.4.2 3D 打印身上的“三座大山” ·········· 9
1.5 打印 3D 模型时需要注意的 10 条
准则 ··············································· 10
1.6 3D 打印的材料选择与
对比 ·············································· 11
1.7 3D 打印的常用术语 ······················ 13
1.8 主流 3D 打印机介绍 ····················· 14
实战问答：3D 打印机可以打印大尺寸
模型吗 ·································· 20
技术链接：全球 3D 打印行业的竞争
格局 ···································· 21
3D 打印流程
2.1 3D 模型打印的要求 ······················ 23
2.1.1 物体模型必须为封闭的················· 23
2.1.2 物体模型的最大尺寸和壁厚 ·········· 23
2.1.3 正确的法向 ································· 24
2.2 转换 STL 格式 ······························ 24
2.3 启动打印机 ··································· 25
2.4 安装材料盒 ··································· 25
2.5 开始打印 ······································· 26
2.6 冷却 ··············································· 26
2.7 去掉底座和支撑 ···························· 26
2.8 精修模型 ······································· 27
实用问答：3D 打印机打印的产品有
哪些优势，哪些用途 ······· 28
技术链接：3D 打印的十大优势 ··········· 29
工业设计软件的建模流程
和 3D 打印文件的输出
3.1 工业设计软件的建模流程 ············ 33
新工业革命：Creo 综合建模与 3D 打印
VI
3.2 打印前的准备 ································ 33
3.2.1 打印机的防护事项 ······················· 33
3.2.2 打印时的安全保护措施 ················· 34
3.2.3 开源 3D 打印机的外观 ·················· 34
3.2.4 开源打印机的规格 ······················· 36
3.3 安装打印机 ··································· 36
3.4 3D 打印文件的输出 ······················ 38
实用问答：3D 打印机打印出来的产品
强度如何 ······························ 39
技术链接：桌面 3D 打印的包埋
技巧 ······································ 40
3D 模型的常用建模工具
4.1 Creo 常用建模工具 ······················· 42
4.2 netfabb 修补工具的用法 ··············· 47
4.2.1 下载并安装软件 ··························· 47
4.2.2 导入模型 ···································· 48
4.2.3 自动修复模型 ······························ 49
实用问答：3D 打印的常用技术有
哪些 ···································· 52
技术链接：2015 年 3D 打印技术的
发展趋势 ······························ 54
零件建模&打印实战
5.1 多头工具 ······································· 57
多头工具的设计草图 ······························ 57
5.1.1 操作步骤详解 ······························ 58
5.1.2 输出多头工具模型 ······················· 85
5.1.3 检查多头工具的 STL 模型 ············ 85
5.1.4 移除多头工具模型 ······················· 92
5.1.5 移除多头工具模型的支撑材料 ······· 93
5.2 手机壳 ··········································· 94
手机壳的设计草图 ································· 94
5.2.1 操作步骤详解 ······························ 95
5.2.2 输出手机壳模型 ·························114
5.2.3 检查手机壳的 STL 模型 ···············115
5.2.4 打印手机壳模型 ·························115
5.3 摄像头镜头盖·······························118
摄像头镜头盖的设计草图 ······················118
5.3.1 操作步骤详解 ·····························119
5.3.2 输出摄像头镜头盖模型··············· 137
5.3.3 在 netfabb 中将黄色的破损面进行
修复 ········································· 138
5.3.4 打印并校准喷头高度且进行
预热 ········································· 140
5.3.5 移除摄像头镜头盖模型··············· 141
5.3.6 移除摄像头镜头盖的支撑
材料 ········································· 142
5.4 手机支架 ····································· 143
手机支架的设计草图 ···························· 143
5.4.1 操作步骤详解 ···························· 144
5.4.2 输出手机支架模型 ····················· 165
5.4.3 检查手机支架的 STL 模型 ·········· 166
5.4.4 在 netfabb 中切割模型 ················ 167
5.4.5 打印手机支架模型 ····················· 169
5.4.6 移除模型时的人身安全措施 ········ 169
5.4.7 3D 打印时的故障排除 ················ 170
课后练习 1：iPad 底座 ························ 171
课后练习 2：俯拍相机框 ···················· 173
实用问答：购买 3D 打印机需要注意
哪些事项 ·························· 176
技术链接：3D 打印的常见程序 ········· 178
目录
VII
生活用品建模&打印实战
6.1 字母杯 ········································· 180
字母杯的设计草图 ······························· 180
6.1.1 操作步骤详解 ···························· 181
6.1.2 输出字母杯模型 ························· 200
6.1.3 放大字母杯的 STL 模型 ·············· 200
6.1.4 清洗打印机喷嘴 ························· 201
6.1.5 打印机故障排除 ························· 202
6.1.6 移除字母杯模型的支撑
材料 ········································· 203
6.2 戒指 ············································· 204
戒指的设计草图 ·································· 204
6.2.1 操作步骤详解 ···························· 205
6.2.2 输出戒指模型 ···························· 222
6.2.3 处理戒指 STL 模型的
破损面 ······································ 223
6.2.4 打印戒指模型 ···························· 225
6.3 烛台 ············································· 228
烛台的设计草图 ·································· 228
6.3.1 操作步骤详解 ···························· 229
6.3.2 输出烛台模型 ···························· 248
6.3.3 检查烛台的 STL 模型 ················· 249
6.3.4 打印模型时计算模型的打印
成本 ········································· 250
6.3.5 移除烛台模型和支撑材料 ··········· 251
6.4 餐具叉子 ····································· 252
叉子的设计草图 ·································· 252
6.4.1 操作步骤详解 ···························· 253
6.4.2 输出餐具叉子的模型 ·················· 272
6.4.3 检查餐具叉子的 STL 模型 ·········· 273
6.4.4 准备打印平台 ···························· 274
6.4.5 打印支撑的选择 ························ 275
课后练习 1：车载手机支架 ················ 277
课后练习 2：吊坠 ······························· 279
实用问答：彩色 3D 打印机主要有
哪些类型 ·························· 282
技术链接：3D 打印机控制材料成本
的方法 ······························ 283
玩具建模&打印实战
7.1 玩具摆件 ····································· 285
玩具摆件的设计草图 ···························· 285
7.1.1 操作步骤详解 ···························· 286
7.1.2 输出玩具摆件模型 ····················· 306
7.1.3 STL 模型的单位转换 ·················· 307
7.1.4 将模型放到成型平台上··············· 307
7.1.5 打印材料的操作 ························ 307
7.2 骰子 ············································· 310
骰子的设计草图 ·································· 310
7.2.1 操作步骤详解 ·····························311
7.2.2 骰子的模型输出 ························ 330
7.2.3 检查骰子的 STL 模型 ················· 331
7.2.4 骰子的模型打印过程 ·················· 331
7.2.5 移除骰子模型 ···························· 332
7.2.6 移除骰子模型的支撑材料 ··········· 333
7.3 玩具火车车厢······························ 334
玩具火车车厢的设计草图 ····················· 334
7.3.1 操作步骤详解 ···························· 335
7.3.2 输出玩具火车车厢模型··············· 369
7.3.3 检查并修复 STL 模型的破损
区域 ········································· 370
7.3.4 打印模型时的支撑设置··············· 373
新工业革命：Creo 综合建模与 3D 打印
VIII
7.3.5 移除玩具火车车厢模型 ··············· 374
7.3.6 移除玩具火车车厢模型的支撑
材料 ········································· 374
7.4 椅子 ············································· 375
椅子的设计草图 ·································· 375
7.4.1 操作步骤详解 ···························· 376
7.4.2 椅子模型的输出方式 ·················· 395
7.4.3 检查椅子的 STL 模型 ················· 396
7.4.4 打印模型时设置支撑间隔和
面积 ········································· 397
课后练习 1：火箭 ······························· 399
课后练习 2：飞机 ······························· 402
实用问答：3D 打印技术 SLA、LOM、
SLS、FDM、3DP 各有
什么优缺点 ····················· 405
技术链接：材料参数和价格对比 ······· 408